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(詳細はpeninsulas of Southern Europe (the other two being the Iberian Peninsula and Balkan Peninsula), spanning from the Po Valley in the north to the central Mediterranean Sea in the south. The peninsula's shape gives it the nickname ''Lo Stivale'' (The Boot). Three smaller peninsulas contribute to this characteristic shape, namely Calabria (the "toe"), Salento (the "heel") and Gargano (the "spur"). Geographically it coincides with a line extending from the Magra to the Rubicon rivers, north of the Tuscan–Emilian Apennines, which excludes the Po Valley and the southern slope of the Alps.〔De Agostini Ed., ''L'Enciclopedia Geografica - Vol. I - Italia'', 2004, p.78〕〔Touring Club Italiano, ''Conosci l’Italia - Vol. I: L’Italia fisica'', 1957〕 All of the peninsula is part of the state of Italy except for the microstates of San Marino and Vatican City. Additionally, Sicily, Elba and other smaller islands, such as Palagruža ((イタリア語:Pelagosa)), belonging to Croatia, are usually considered as islands off the peninsula and in this sense geographically grouped along with it. The peninsula is bordered by the Tyrrhenian Sea on the west, the Ionian Sea on the south, and the Adriatic Sea on the east. The backbone of the Peninsula consists of the Apennine Mountains, from which it takes one of its names. Most of its coast is lined with cliffs. The Italian Peninsula's location between the centre of Europe and the Mediterranean Sea made it the target of many conquests. The peninsula has mainly a Mediterranean climate, though in the mountainous parts the climate is much cooler, and its natural vegetation includes macchia along the coasts and deciduous and mixed deciduous coniferous forests in the interior. ==Modern countries and territories== Political divisions of the peninsula sorted by area: 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Italian Peninsula」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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